Mifepristone and misoprostol are two medications commonly used together for medical abortion, but they have different roles and mechanisms of action.
Mifepristone:
– Mechanism of Action: Mifepristone is an antiprogestin, which means it blocks the hormone progesterone. Progesterone is essential for maintaining the uterine lining and supporting early pregnancy. By blocking progesterone, mifepristone causes the uterine lining to break down, which stops the growth of the pregnancy.
– Administration: Taken orally as the first step in the medical abortion process.
– Timing: Usually taken up to 10 weeks (70 days) into pregnancy.
– Primary Function: Prepares the uterus for expulsion by stopping the pregnancy from continuing.
Misoprostol:
– Mechanism of Action: Misoprostol is a prostaglandin analogue. It induces uterine contractions and softens the cervix, which helps expel the pregnancy tissue from the uterus.
– Administration: Taken 24-48 hours after mifepristone. It can be administered orally, buccally (dissolved in the mouth between the cheek and gum), vaginally, or sublingually (under the tongue).
– Timing: Typically used after mifepristone in the medical abortion regimen.
– Primary Function: Causes the uterus to contract and expel the pregnancy tissue.
Key Differences:
– Role in Abortion: Mifepristone initiates the process by halting the pregnancy, while misoprostol completes the process by causing the expulsion of the pregnancy.
– Mechanism: Mifepristone works by blocking hormones necessary for pregnancy maintenance, whereas misoprostol induces physical contractions of the uterus.
– Usage Sequence: Mifepristone is taken first, followed by misoprostol.
Both medications are essential in the medical abortion process, and their combined use is highly effective. They should be used under medical supervision to ensure safety and to manage any potential complications.
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